Danh sách 100 từ vựng giúp bạn thảo luận về những khó khăn, rào cản và cảm xúc thường gặp trong hành trình chinh phục một ngôn ngữ mới.
Đọc thêm: 1 số từ vựng tiếng anh cơ bản.
Đọc thêm: 1000 từ vựng tiếng Anh cơ bản PDF
I. Thách thức về Ngữ pháp & Từ vựng (Grammar & Vocabulary Challenges)
- Grammar – Ngữ pháp – English grammar has many complex rules and exceptions.
- Syntax – Cú pháp – The word order, or syntax, can be completely different from my native language.
- Conjugation – Sự chia động từ – Verb conjugation in French can be very tricky to learn.
- Tense – Thì (thời gian) – I always get confused between the past perfect and present perfect tenses.
- Idiom – Thành ngữ – Idioms often don’t make sense when you translate them literally.
- Phrasal verb – Cụm động từ – There are thousands of phrasal verbs in English, and each can have multiple meanings.
- Collocation – Cụm từ thường đi chung – It’s important to learn collocations to sound more natural.
- False friend – Từ đồng âm khác nghĩa (gây nhầm lẫn) – “Embarazada” in Spanish means “pregnant,” not “embarrassed”—it’s a classic false friend.
- Slang – Tiếng lóng – Keeping up with modern slang is almost impossible.
- Jargon – Biệt ngữ – Every professional field has its own jargon that can be difficult to understand.
- Ambiguity – Sự mơ hồ – The ambiguity of some words can lead to misunderstanding.
- Nuance – Sắc thái – It’s hard to grasp the subtle nuances of meaning between similar words.
- Synonym – Từ đồng nghĩa – Choosing the right synonym depends on the context.
- Antonym – Từ trái nghĩa – Learning antonyms can help you expand your vocabulary.
- Preposition – Giới từ – Using the correct preposition (in, on, at) is a common challenge.
- Article – Mạo từ – I often forget to use the articles “a,” “an,” or “the.”
- Irregular verb – Động từ bất quy tắc – Memorizing all the irregular verbs takes a lot of practice.
- Exception – Ngoại lệ – For every grammar rule, there seems to be an exception.
- Redundancy – Sự thừa thãi – Sometimes learners use redundancy by saying “more better” instead of just “better.”
- Complexity – Sự phức tạp – The complexity of the grammar is the hardest part for me.
II. Thách thức về Phát âm & Nghe (Pronunciation & Listening Challenges)
- Pronunciation – Phát âm – The pronunciation of “thought,” “though,” and “tough” is very difficult.
- Accent – Giọng điệu – It’s hard to understand people who speak with a strong regional accent.
- Intonation – Ngữ điệu – Incorrect intonation can change the meaning of a sentence.
- Rhythm – Nhịp điệu – Each language has its own unique rhythm and flow.
- Stress (syllable) – Trọng âm – Word stress is very important in English; “record” and “record” are two different words.
- Silent letter – Âm câm – The “k” in “know” is a silent letter.
- Connected speech – Luyến âm, nối âm – Native speakers use connected speech, which makes it hard to distinguish individual words.
- Pace – Tốc độ nói – They speak at such a fast pace that I can’t keep up.
- Mumble – Nói lầm bầm – It’s difficult to understand someone when they mumble.
- Distinguish – Phân biệt – I can’t distinguish between the sounds /ɪ/ and /i:/.
- Comprehension – Khả năng hiểu – My listening comprehension is my weakest skill.
- Background noise – Tạp âm nền – Background noise makes it even harder to listen to a conversation.
- Tonal language – Ngôn ngữ thanh điệu – In a tonal language like Vietnamese, the same word can have different meanings based on its tone.
- Guttural – (Âm) ở cổ họng – Some languages, like German or Arabic, have guttural sounds that are hard for me to produce.
- Interference (from native language) – Sự giao thoa (từ tiếng mẹ đẻ) – My pronunciation suffers from interference from my native language.
III. Rào cản Tâm lý & Xã hội (Psychological & Social Barriers)
- Frustration – Sự nản lòng – It’s easy to feel frustration when you don’t see progress.
- Anxiety – Sự lo lắng – I feel a lot of anxiety before speaking in front of native speakers.
- Inhibition – Sự e dè, mặc cảm – Inhibition prevents many learners from speaking.
- Fear of mistakes – Nỗi sợ mắc lỗi – The fear of mistakes is one of the biggest barriers to fluency.
- Shyness – Sự rụt rè – My shyness makes it difficult for me to start conversations.
- Self-consciousness – Sự tự ti, e ngại – I feel very self-conscious about my accent.
- Plateau – Giai đoạn chững lại – I feel like my learning has hit a plateau; I’m not making any progress.
- Burnout – Sự kiệt sức – Studying too hard without breaks can lead to burnout.
- Motivation – Động lực – It’s hard to maintain motivation over a long period.
- Imposter syndrome – Hội chứng kẻ mạo danh – Sometimes I feel imposter syndrome, like I’m just pretending to speak the language.
- Isolation – Sự bị cô lập – If you can’t communicate well, it can lead to feelings of isolation.
- Misunderstanding – Sự hiểu lầm – Cultural differences can cause misunderstanding.
- Culture shock – Sốc văn hóa – Living in a new country often involves some degree of culture shock.
- Judgment – Sự phán xét – I’m afraid of judgment from native speakers.
- Pressure – Áp lực – There is a lot of pressure to become fluent quickly.
IV. Thách thức trong quá trình học (Learning Process Challenges)
- Struggle – Sự vật lộn, khó khăn – It’s a daily struggle to find time to study.
- Obstacle – Trở ngại – The biggest obstacle for me is the lack of practice opportunities.
- Setback – Sự thụt lùi, trở ngại – Getting a bad test score was a big setback for my confidence.
- Difficulty – Khó khăn – I have difficulty remembering new words.
- Consistency – Sự đều đặn – Maintaining consistency in my study routine is a challenge.
- Time management – Quản lý thời gian – Poor time management is my biggest enemy.
- Memorization – Sự ghi nhớ – The memorization of endless vocabulary lists is tedious.
- Retention – Khả năng duy trì (kiến thức) – My vocabulary retention is very poor.
- Fossilization – Sự hóa thạch (lỗi sai) – Some of my early grammar mistakes have led to fossilization.
- Monotony – Sự đơn điệu – The monotony of grammar drills can be very boring.
- Tedious – Tẻ nhạt, chán ngắt – I find translating long texts to be a tedious task.
- Overwhelm – Sự choáng ngợp – The amount of things to learn can cause a feeling of overwhelm.
- Lack of practice – Thiếu sự luyện tập – My speaking doesn’t improve due to a lack of practice.
- Lack of exposure – Thiếu sự tiếp xúc – A lack of exposure to the language makes it hard to learn natural phrasing.
- Unrealistic expectations – Kỳ vọng không thực tế – Having unrealistic expectations can lead to disappointment.
- Resource – Tài nguyên – Finding good quality learning resources can be difficult.
- Guidance – Sự hướng dẫn – Without proper guidance, it’s easy to get lost.
- Application – Sự áp dụng – The real challenge is the practical application of what you’ve learned.
- Forgetting curve – Đường cong lãng quên – The forgetting curve shows how quickly we forget information if we don’t review it.
- Habit – Thói quen – It’s hard to form a consistent study habit.
V. Các từ mô tả trải nghiệm (Words Describing the Experience)
- Daunting – Nản chí, làm thoái chí – The task of learning 2,000 characters seems daunting.
- Discouraging – Gây nản lòng – It’s discouraging when you study hard but don’t see results.
- Exhausting – Gây kiệt sức – Trying to speak a new language all day can be mentally exhausting.
- Confusing – Gây bối rối – The different meanings of the same word are very confusing.
- Awkward – Ngượng ngùng – There are often awkward pauses in my conversations.
- Embarrassing – Xấu hổ, ngượng – It’s embarrassing when you use the wrong word.
- Humbling – Khiêm tốn – Learning a new language is a humbling experience.
- Demotivating – Gây mất động lực – A lack of progress can be very demotivating.
- Intimidating – Đáng sợ – Speaking to a group of native speakers is intimidating.
- Cumbersome – Rườm rà, phức tạp – The grammar rules feel cumbersome and illogical.
- Unnatural – Không tự nhiên – My sentences often sound unnatural and translated.
- Incoherent – Không mạch lạc – When I’m nervous, my speech becomes incoherent.
- Hesitant – Do dự, ngập ngừng – I am always hesitant to speak because I’m afraid of making mistakes.
- Clumsy – Vụng về – My attempts to make jokes in another language often feel clumsy.
- Limited – Bị hạn chế – I feel frustrated by my limited vocabulary.
- Repetitive – Lặp đi lặp lại – The process of drilling vocabulary can be very repetitive.
- Demanding – Đòi hỏi cao – Learning a language is a demanding task.
- Counter-intuitive – Phản trực giác – Some grammar structures are counter-intuitive.
- Taxing – Mệt mỏi, vất vả – A two-hour language class can be mentally taxing.
- Unattainable – Không thể đạt được – At times, fluency feels like an unattainable goal.
- Ineffective – Không hiệu quả – My old study methods were ineffective.
- Stagnant – Trì trệ – I feel like my progress has been stagnant for months.
- Vulnerable – Dễ bị tổn thương – You feel very vulnerable when you can’t express yourself properly.
- Inadequate – Không đủ, thiếu sót – I often feel inadequate when speaking with native speakers.
- Incomprehensible – Khó hiểu, không thể hiểu được – The fast, mumbled speech was completely incomprehensible to me.
- Insurmountable – Không thể vượt qua – The challenge seemed insurmountable at first.
- Perplexing – Rắc rối, khó hiểu – The reason for this grammar rule is perplexing.
- Grueling – Gian khổ, cực nhọc – Preparing for the proficiency exam was a grueling process.
- Mind-numbing – Cực kỳ nhàm chán – Memorizing lists of words can be mind-numbing.
- Elusive – Lảng tránh, khó nắm bắt – Perfect fluency seems to be an elusive goal.
